Transition metrics, which quantify the propensity for one event to follow another, are often utilized to study sequential patterns of behaviors, emotions, actions, and other states. However, little is known about the conditions in which application of transition metrics is appropriate. We report on two experiments in which we simulated sequences…

Examining the sequential patterns of self-regulated learning (SRL) behaviors is gaining popularity to understand students' performance differences. However, few studies have looked at the transition probabilities among different SRL behaviors. Moreover, there is a lack of research investigating the temporal structures of students' SRL behaviors…

Course selection is a crucial and challenging problem that students have to face while navigating through an undergraduate degree program. The decisions they make shape their future in ways that they cannot conceive in advance. Available departmental sample degree plans are not personalized for each student, and personal discussion time with an…

There is a rich literature on students' and teachers' intuitions and misconceptions about probability. However, less attention has been paid to the development of pre-service teachers' probabilistic thinking in teacher education. Based on this, the second author developed a lesson sequence for teaching probability. In particular, it demonstrates…

Purpose: Position effects may influence examinees' test performances in several ways and trigger other psychometric issues, such as Differential Item Functioning (DIF) .This study aims to supply test forms in which items in the test are ordered differently, depending on their difficulty level (from easy to difficult or difficult to easy), to…

By focusing on a particular alteration of the comparative likelihood task, this study contributes to research on teachers' understanding of probability. Our novel task presented prospective teachers with multinomial, contextualized sequences and asked them to identify which was least likely. Results demonstrate that determinants of…

We examined how decision makers generate and evaluate hypotheses when data are presented sequentially. In the first 2 experiments, participants learned the relationship between data and possible causes of the data in a virtual environment. Data were then presented iteratively, and participants either generated hypotheses they thought caused the…