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Amanda C. Miller; Irene Adjei; Hannah Christensen – Reading and Writing: An Interdisciplinary Journal, 2024
Mind wandering occurs when a reader's thoughts are unrelated to the text's ideas. We examined the relation between mind wandering and readers' memory for text. More specifically, we assessed whether mind wandering inhibits the reader's development of the situation model and thus their ability to identify and recall the text's most central ideas.…
Descriptors: Attention Control, Recall (Psychology), Adults, Intelligence Tests
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O'Donnell, Ryan E.; Wyble, Brad – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2023
Working memory allows us to hold specific pieces of information in an active and easily retrieved state, but what happens to that information during an unexpected interruption between study and test? To answer this question, we used a surprise trial paradigm in which an unexpected event precedes a probe of the observer's memory for a search…
Descriptors: Short Term Memory, Comparative Analysis, Alphabets, Reading Processes
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Cong, Fengjiao; Chen, Baoguo – International Journal of Bilingual Education and Bilingualism, 2022
Reading is a very complex task in which readers obtain information to promote reading from not only the fixated word located in the foveal area but also non-fixated words located in the parafoveal area. We aimed to investigate the second language (L2) parafoveal orthographic (letter identity and letter position) processing mechanism adopting the…
Descriptors: Bilingualism, Reading Processes, Second Language Learning, Native Language
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Zhou, Lin; Perfetti, Charles – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2023
Phonological interference during written-word meaning judgments occurs in both Chinese and English, suggesting that word-level phonological activation is universal rather than dependent on the sublexical structures that vary with writing systems. To accommodate this universality, we distinguish two sources of phonological congruence between a…
Descriptors: Phonology, Interference (Language), Orthographic Symbols, Alphabets
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Lupker, Stephen J.; Spinelli, Giacomo; Davis, Colin J. – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2020
A word's exterior letters, particularly its initial letter, appear to have a special status when reading. Therefore, most orthographic coding models incorporate assumptions giving initial letters and, in some cases, final letters, enhanced importance during the orthographic coding process. In the present article, 3 masked priming experiments were…
Descriptors: Alphabets, Reading Processes, Priming, Decision Making
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Qiaona Yu – Reading in a Foreign Language, 2022
Unlike alphabetic languages, Chinese text marks no word demarcation. Previous research inserted word-demarcating spaces into Chinese text but found inconsistent effects on reading efficiency. To address the potential trade-off effects of the additional length caused by inserted spaces, this study introduces color-and-font formatting as a word…
Descriptors: Alphabets, Language Proficiency, Reading Processes, Native Language
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Yang, Huilan; Chen, Jingjun; Spinelli, Giacomo; Lupker, Stephen J. – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2019
Does visuospatial orientation influence repetition and transposed character (TC) priming effects in logographic scripts? According to perceptual learning accounts, the nature of orthographic (form) priming effects should be influenced by text orientation (Dehaene, Cohen, Sigman, & Vinckier, 2005; Grainger & Holcomb, 2009). In contrast,…
Descriptors: Priming, Written Language, Orthographic Symbols, Visual Perception
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Edwards, Ashley A.; Schatschneider, Christopher – Scientific Studies of Reading, 2020
Previous research has revealed conflicting results with regard to the role of the magnocellular visual system in reading and dyslexia. In order to investigate this further, the present study examined the relationship between performance on two magnocellular tasks (temporal gap detection and coherent motion), reading rate (oral and silent), and…
Descriptors: Reading Rate, Reading Research, Correlation, College Students
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Chen, Lin; Perfetti, Charles A.; Fang, Xiaoping; Chang, Li-Yun – Second Language Research, 2021
When reading in a second language, a reader's first language may be involved. For word reading, the question is how and at what level: lexical, pre-lexical, or both. In three experiments, we employed an implicit reading task (color judgment) and an explicit reading task (word naming) to test whether a Chinese meaning equivalent character and its…
Descriptors: Native Language, Second Language Learning, Transfer of Training, Reading Processes
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Jordan, Timothy R.; McGowan, Victoria A.; Kurtev, Stoyan; Paterson, Kevin B. – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2016
When reading from left to right, useful information acquired during each fixational pause is widely assumed to extend 14 to 15 characters to the right of fixation but just 3 to 4 characters to the left, and certainly no further than the beginning of the fixated word. However, this leftward extent is strikingly small and seems inconsistent with…
Descriptors: Eye Movements, Reading Processes, Experiments, Visual Discrimination
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Mor, Billy; Prior, Anat – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2022
Reading efficiently in a second language (L2) is a crucial skill, but it is not universally achieved. Here we ask whether L2 reading efficiency is better captured as a language specific skill or whether it is mostly shared across L1 and L2, relying on general language abilities. To this end, we examined word frequency and predictability effects in…
Descriptors: Prediction, Native Language, Second Language Learning, Reading Comprehension
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Pagán, Ascensión; Blythe, Hazel I.; Liversedge, Simon P. – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2016
Although previous research has shown that letter position information for the first letter of a parafoveal word is encoded less flexibly than internal word beginning letters (Johnson, Perea & Rayner, 2007; White et al., 2008), it is not clear how positional encoding operates over the initial trigram in English. This experiment explored the…
Descriptors: Adults, Children, Experimental Psychology, Reading Processes
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Gagl, Benjamin; Hawelka, Stefan; Richlan, Fabio; Schuster, Sarah; Hutzler, Florian – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2014
The study investigated parafoveal preprocessing by the means of the classical invisible boundary paradigm and a novel manipulation of the parafoveal previews (i.e., visual degradation). Eye movements were investigated on 5-letter target words with constraining (i.e., highly informative) initial letters or similarly constraining final letters.…
Descriptors: Eye Movements, Word Recognition, Reading Processes, Visual Perception