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Following the Letter of the Law: 2020-21 Retention Outcomes under Michigan's Read by Grade Three Law
John Westall; Andrew Utter; Katharine O. Strunk – Education Policy Innovation Collaborative, 2023
Early literacy skills are critical to the educational outcomes of young students. Accordingly, 19 states have early literacy policies that require grade retention for underperforming readers at the end of third grade. However, there is mixed evidence about retention's effectiveness and concerns that retention may disproportionately impact…
Descriptors: Educational Legislation, State Legislation, Emergent Literacy, Grade Repetition
Mark Murphy; Angela Johnson – Annenberg Institute for School Reform at Brown University, 2022
This study examines the effects of English Learner (EL) status on subsequent Special Education (SPED) placement. Through a research-practice partnership, we link student demographic data and initial English proficiency assessment data across seven cohorts of test takers and observe EL and SPED programmatic participation for these students over…
Descriptors: Student Placement, Identification, English Learners, Special Education
Goldhaber, Dan; Kane, Thomas J.; McEachin, Andrew; Morton, Emily – National Center for Analysis of Longitudinal Data in Education Research (CALDER), 2022
In this paper, we use NWEA MAP test data to examine variation in students' achievement and growth during the pandemic across multiple dimensions. Consistent with prior evidence, we find that students' test scores in fall 2021, on average, were substantially below historic averages. Moreover, the average scores of students of color, students…
Descriptors: Academic Achievement, COVID-19, Pandemics, Tests
Rowland, Judy – Education Commission of the States, 2014
This report serves as a quick reference guide for elected officials to compare key education policies and data in their states to the rest of the nation. The first section highlights major state policies for all 50 states in both table and chart formats (see Summary Charts ). The second section provides key state data, such as per-student spending…
Descriptors: State Policy, Educational Policy, Statistical Data, Charts