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Malmberg, Lars-Erik; Wanner, Brigitte; Little, Todd D. – International Journal of Behavioral Development, 2008
Age and school-type differences (primary school and three types of secondary school) in self-related beliefs about ability, effort, and difficulty were investigated in a study of 1723 Berlin youth. Consistent with selective ability-stratified schooling, multi-group structural equation models revealed: (1) mean-level belief differences reflecting…
Descriptors: Student Attitudes, Structural Equation Models, Educational Objectives, Secondary School Students