Research at the secondary school level provides compelling evidence to suggest that a positive school climate is related to improved health, wellbeing, and cognitive outcomes for students. In response to these findings, school systems around the world are mandating the collection of school climate data in schools. However, reviews of the…

Since classroom climate is inherently a group level phenomenon, we argue that measures shown to be valid and reliable in multi-level settings are needed. We propose a brief, 5-item measure of classroom climate and demonstrate its reliability and validity in multi-level structural equation models. The measure demonstrated good reliability and we…

This study aims to develop an instrument that measures democratic attitudes levels in primary school students in third and fourth grades. This study involved 591 students (302 for exploratory factor analysis, 289 for confirmatory factor analysis) enrolled in the 3rd and 4th grades. A literature review was conducted to prepare the scale items, and…

Background: Well-being is a key aspect of children's education, yet measurement issues have limited studies in early primary school. Aims: The current 12-month longitudinal study assesses the temporal stability of child- and parent-reported school well-being and examines developmental links with academic self-concept and parent-rated prosocial…

The current study was conducted to develop a scale to measure students' speaking skills attitudes. This study is a scale of development study. The current research study group comprises 225 third and fourth-grade students attending primary schools in Mugla in the 2019-2020 school year. After conducting a literature review and interviews with…

The English version of the "Math and Me Survey" was developed to measure mathematical attitudes of elementary students. This study was used to translate, validate and examine the attitudes of Spanish students in the second and fourth grades of primary school. The translation-back translation procedure was adopted. A total of 81 students…

The goals of the present study were to compare the reliability and convergent validity of two reading attitude measures for beginning readers and to get more insight into children's reading attitude around the transition to formal reading instruction. 468 children in kindergarten and Grade 1 completed a more traditional questionnaire based on…

In this study we evaluated the performance of the Elementary Reading Attitude Survey (ERAS) in a sample of 189 students in Grades 3 and 6 who attended a middle-tier private school in Karachi, Pakistan, where the medium of instruction was English (L2) and the majority language was Urdu (L1). We took a holistic approach and employed several…

Reading motivation is an important contributor to reading achievement. Students with higher levels of motivation tend to outperform those with lower levels. Reading motivation is a dynamic, situational, context-dependent trait that can vary in children over time and across tasks. Teachers have a valuable opportunity to support students' reading…

We report on the construction and validation of the Young Children's Math Anxiety Scale (YCMAX), a developmentally appropriate measure of math anxiety intended for kindergarten students. We administered the YCMAX to a sample of public school kindergarteners (N = 355) and conducted factor analyses to examine its structure. A two-factor solution…

Reading motivation is multidimensional and a critical contributor to students' reading comprehension skill. Its multidimensionality is problematic, as there is currently no consensus on the dimensions underlying reading motivation, which are being tested through a variety of instruments that lack statistical validation. Our goal was to discuss the…

This article considers the implementation of Emojis as responses within survey research, measuring attitudes towards mathematics in children aged eight and nine years old. Participants answered two multi-item scales. The first required them to provide an Emoji to provide their responses to statements, whilst the second additionally required them…

This study aimed at exploring the level of cognitive flexibility of students with learning disabilities in the English language in Irbid Governorate and its relationship with the variables of gender and school grade. The study sample consisted of (380) male and female students in the elementary stage. The study used the descriptive approach and…

This study examines the feasibility of adding a proximal outcome survey to a book distribution program. We also examine access to books at home for Grade 3 to 5 students experiencing poverty and relations with reading motivation and reading amount. Finally, we describe students' book preferences by analyzing the difficulty and genres of texts they…

The present study reports on the development of a questionnaire that evaluates children's experiences of their physical classroom environment, activities and interactions. It also explores the psychometric properties of the questionnaire and how acoustical characteristics of the classroom, class size and student characteristics (age, sex and…