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Download full textHong, Yihua; Hong, Guanglei – AERA Open, 2021
This study is focused on the threat of retention associated with test-based promotion in Grade 3. Through analyzing the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study Kindergarten Class of 1998-1999 data, we found that schools having such a policy apparently increased math instructional time but not reading instructional time in Grade 3. On average, the…
Descriptors: Student Promotion, Tests, Time on Task, Grade 3
Direct linkConnor, Carol McDonald; Spencer, Mercedes; Day, Stephanie L.; Giuliani, Sarah; Ingebrand, Sarah W.; McLean, Leigh; Morrison, Frederick J. – Journal of Educational Psychology, 2014
We examined classrooms as complex systems that affect students' literacy learning through interacting effects of content and amount of time individual students spent in literacy instruction along with the global quality of the classroom learning environment. We observed 27 3rd-grade classrooms serving 315 target students using 2 different…
Descriptors: Grade 3, Vocabulary, Reading Comprehension, Classroom Environment
