Teacher preparation in Texas has seen significant shifts in recent years, driven by increasing reliance on uncertified teachers, the expansion of Grow Your Own models, and the development of residency-based programs. The author of this policy brief has authored three studies that collectively highlight the impact of educator preparation programs on student outcomes and teacher retention. Together, these studies examine the increasing reliance on uncertified and online-only trained teachers, the prevalence of these pathways in rural districts, and their effects on student learning. Additionally, the research highlights the positive link between teacher residency programs and student achievement and teacher retention. This summary brief is meant to help stakeholders grasp the full picture and act on recommendations grounded in real evidence--not on partial readings of the data. Policymakers must prioritize these key program elements to ensure Texas students receive the high-quality education they deserve.