This study aimed to evaluate the psychometric properties and gather evidence supporting the validity of scores from a traditional Chinese version of the Claremont Purpose Scale (TC-CPS) among Taiwanese adolescents. The TC-CPS, measuring meaningfulness, goal directedness, and beyond-the-self orientation, was administered to 233 high school and 445…

Background: Given that limited well-developed instruments are available to assess students' transdisciplinary STEM practices (T-STEMP), this study aims to develop and validate an instrument for examining secondary students' T-STEMP competence. According to the T-STEMP assessment framework proposed in our previous study, we developed items and…

The study aimed to explore the Chinese version of the Frost Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale suitable for gifted junior high school students and to classify the types of perfectionism. The Frost Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale was translated into Chinese to evaluate the factor structure and typology of academically gifted students in…

Principal instructional leadership (PIL) refers to the management of school curriculum, instruction, and assessment by the principal of a school. It is essential to measure the extent of the instructional leadership provided by principals and to propose means of improving instructional leadership. The principal instructional leadership scale…

This study developed an Adolescents' Uncertainty Scale (AUS), with the aim of understanding individual differences in uncertainty among adolescents. In the pretest phase, 507 ninth-grade students were recruited. After exploratory factor analyses, a 25-item AUS with four dimensions--irresoluteness, instability, lack of self-knowledge, and…

This study addressed the issue of school alienation (SA) among high school students in Taiwan; SA is believed to contribute to dropout, violence, gangs, and deviant behavior. To measure SA, we propose a four-construct model in this study, comprising powerlessness, normlessness, meaninglessness, and social isolation. Using two studies, an SA scale…

Given the increasing emphasis of communicative competence in English as a foreign language (EFL) contexts and the lack of validation research on speaking assessments for adolescent EFL learners, in the current study we examined the validity of the TOEFL Junior® speaking test, a relatively new speaking assessment developed by Educational Testing…

The study aimed to verify the psychometric properties of the emotional-style scale and explore different clusters of emotional styles. An emotional style scale was completed in three districts of western Taiwan using stratified random sampling. The study confirmed the reliability and convergent validity of each subscale in a sample of 712…

With the development of the "maker movement," more and more teachers are applying a broad range of technological tools in their pedagogy, instead of only information technology. This study details the development and validation of the Teachers Maker-based TPACK Survey Instrument (TMTSI), a revised model designed to measure technology…

A prior study developed the Computational Thinking Scale (CTS) for assessing individuals' computational thinking dispositions in five dimensions: decomposition, abstraction, algorithmic thinking, evaluation, and generalization. This study proposed the Developmental Model of Computational Thinking through validating the structural relationships…

One of the major purposes of this study is to investigate the potential impact of gender and information and computer technology (ICT) resources on students' computational thinking (CT) competencies. To this end, the Computational Thinking Test for Junior High Students (CTT-JH) was developed and validated. Research participants included 437 junior…

Constraints-led approach (CLA) is widely used in physical education (PE). This four-phased study aimed to develop a self-report measurement of students' perceived constraints support in PE. The relationships among students' perceived constraints support, competence and novelty need satisfaction, motivation, effort, and engagement in PE were also…

This study developed a scale to assess high school students' programming disposition. The scale was developed by utilizing a standardized test development process. The three constructs of the scale, namely confidence, persistence and flexible thinking, consisted of 9 items (3 items on each construct). Participants for the formal test of the scale…

Background: Most bullying incidents occur in the presence of bystanders, with few choosing to intervene. Therefore, the development of a valid instrument to measure individuals' willingness to intervene in bullying is warranted. Aims: This study aimed to develop as well as validate a self-reported willingness to intervene in bullying scale (WIBS)…

Computational thinking has received tremendous attention from computer science educators and educational researchers in the last decade. However, most prior literature defines computational thinking as thinking outcomes rather than thinking processes. Based on Selby and Woodland's framework, this study developed and validated the Computational…