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Measuring the Development of General Language Skills in English as a Foreign Language--Longitudinal Invariance of the C-Test
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Schnoor, Birger; Hartig, Johannes; Klinger, Thorsten; Naumann, Alexander; Usanova, Irina – Language Testing, 2023
Research on assessing English as a foreign language (EFL) development has been growing recently. However, empirical evidence from longitudinal analyses based on substantial samples is still needed. In such settings, tests for measuring language development must meet high standards of test quality such as validity, reliability, and objectivity, as…
Descriptors: English (Second Language), Second Language Learning, Second Language Instruction, Longitudinal Studies
Investigating the Impact of Self-Pacing on the L2 Listening Performance of Young Learner Candidates with Differing L1 Literacy Skills
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Eberharter, Kathrin; Kormos, Judit; Guggenbichler, Elisa; Ebner, Viktoria S.; Suzuki, Shungo; Moser-Frötscher, Doris; Konrad, Eva; Kremmel, Benjamin – Language Testing, 2023
In online environments, listening involves being able to pause or replay the recording as needed. Previous research indicates that control over the listening input could improve the measurement accuracy of listening assessment. Self-pacing also supports the second language (L2) comprehension processes of test-takers with specific learning…
Descriptors: Literacy, Native Language, Second Language Learning, Second Language Instruction
Roles of Working Memory, Syllogistic Inferencing Ability, and Linguistic Knowledge on Second Language Listening Comprehension for Passages of Different Lengths
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Kim, Minkyung; Nam, Yunjung; Crossley, Scott A. – Language Testing, 2022
This study investigated the effects of working memory capacity (WMC), first language (L1) syllogistic inferencing ability, and second-language (L2) linguistic knowledge on L2 listening comprehension for passages of different lengths. Participants were 193 Korean ninth-grade learners of English. A path analysis was used to examine multivariate…
Descriptors: Native Language, Short Term Memory, Listening Comprehension, Second Language Learning
Testing Young Foreign Language Learners' Reading Comprehension: Exploring the Effects of Working Memory, Grade Level, and Reading Task
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Brunfaut, Tineke; Kormos, Judit; Michel, Marije; Ratajczak, Michael – Language Testing, 2021
Extensive research has demonstrated the impact of working memory (WM) on first language (L1) reading comprehension across age groups (Peng et al., 2018), and on foreign language (FL) reading comprehension of adults and older adolescents (Linck et al., 2014). Comparatively little is known about the effect of WM on young FL readers' comprehension,…
Descriptors: Second Language Learning, Second Language Instruction, Reading Comprehension, Accuracy
Change in Home Language Environment and English Literacy Achievement over Time: A Multi-Group Latent Growth Curve Modeling Investigation
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Kim, Hyunah; Barron, Christine; Sinclair, Jeanne; Eunhee Jang, Eunice – Language Testing, 2020
In most studies investigating the educational outcomes of linguistically diverse students, variables that identify this population have been considered as static. In reality, owing to the dynamic nature of students and their families, students' home language environments change over time. This study aims to understand how elementary school…
Descriptors: Family Environment, English (Second Language), Literacy, Native Language
Effects of L1 Definitions and Cognate Status of Test Items on the Vocabulary Size Test
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Elgort, Irina – Language Testing, 2013
This study examines the development and evaluation of a bilingual Vocabulary Size Test (VST, Nation, 2006). A bilingual (English-Russian) test was developed and administered to 121 intermediate proficiency EFL learners (native speakers of Russian), alongside the original monolingual (English-only) version of the test. A comparison of the bilingual…
Descriptors: Test Construction, Vocabulary, Language Tests, English
Quantifying the Quality Difference between L1 and L2 Essays: A Rating Procedure with Bilingual Raters and L1 and L2 Benchmark Essays
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Tillema, Marion; van den Bergh, Huub; Rijlaarsdam, Gert; Sanders, Ted – Language Testing, 2013
It is the consensus that, as a result of the extra constraints placed on working memory, texts written in a second language (L2) are usually of lower quality than texts written in the first language (L1) by the same writer. However, no method is currently available for quantifying the quality difference between L1 and L2 texts. In the present…
Descriptors: Academic Achievement, Bilingualism, Effect Size, Essays