Education 4.0 emphasizes the use of hybrid approaches in the learning process. The use of peeragogy, heutagogy, and cybergogy may engage students in the learning processes in which active learning plays a key role. This study aimed to examine the effect of the implementation of the Merdeka Curriculum on active learning practices and their…

In a postgraduate course for teachers of English as a foreign language in secondary school, teacher trainees were introduced to simulations through the use of flipped learning and simulation design. The objective of the present fieldwork was to determine whether designing simulation scenarios based on literature which delves into human rights was…