This qualitative study explores middle school students' perceptions of effective online learning pedagogies. I draw on eight semi-structured interviews with two students, 12 interviews with teacher participants, ongoing, open-ended ethnographic interviews with students and teachers, student artifacts, and field notes from over 300 h of synchronous…

The "drawing-to-learn" pedagogical approach has gained considerable attention and evidence supporting its efficacy for facilitating learning. However, little theoretical or empirical research has addressed issues regarding collaborative drawing-to-learn. In this study, we developed collaborative drawing-to-learn activities and three…

Self-regulation skill is the ability of an individual to plan, monitor, evaluate, and modify their learning process when necessary. It is highly important in foreign language learning because learning a language requires long-term motivation, discipline, and a strategic approach. This study aims to determine the level of high school students' use…

Scholars have suggested English classrooms with sufficient context and fun activities to increase English performance and promote learning motivation. With the rapid growth of technology-enhanced learning, virtual reality (VR) has become increasingly popular in English learning. Using VR without a well-designed learning environment, however, may…

The current study investigates how second language (L2) learners' metacognition integrates practice strategies in self-regulated learning to develop speaking abilities. A Metacognitive Practice Speaking Strategy (MPSS) model was developed to explore specific configurations of metacognitive knowledge, metacognitive strategies, and practice…

The relation between learners' metacognitive skills and conceptual understanding is often portrayed as an input-output relation when dealing with science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) and non-STEM disciplines. However, studies indicate that not all pedagogies yield positive correlations between learners' metacognitive skills and…

Student academic stress can impact class participation. Integrating psychological treatment into learning strategies can help manage academic stress. The objective of this research is to enhance students' metacognitive and self-efficacy by reducing their learning difficulties and cognitive anxiety. This will be achieved by integrating…

The current study assessed 495 middle school students in China using self-report questionnaires, to examine the multiple mediating effects of intrinsic motivation and learning engagement (vitality, dedication and absorption) in the relations between technology acceptance and students' self-regulated learning. The results indicated that technology…

Inquiry includes a broad spectrum of approaches, depending on students' responsibility over the process and the extent of the teacher's guidance. While numerous studies have examined students' achievements and engagement across different types of inquiry-based environments, analyses of teachers' guidance during the process are lacking. Therefore,…

Learners' acquisition of pragmatic competence in additional languages has received mounting attention since the 1990s. However, although studies on general learning strategies have proliferated since Oxford's (1990) influential inventory was published, studies on pragmatic-specific learning strategies contributing to the acquisition of this…

The impact of social media on teens' mental health and development raises the need for educational interventions that equip them with the knowledge and skills to cope with dangerous situations. In spite of the growing effort to expand social media literacy among youngsters, social media interventions still rely on conventional methods that tend to…

To help young students succeed in problem-based learning (PBL), researchers suggested investigating students' need for cognition (NFC), one's inclination to exert mental effort during learning. How one puts mental effort into a learning task is related to motivation. If motivated, students are more likely to engage in challenging tasks, put in…

Socially shared regulation in learning (SSRL) contributes to successful collaborative learning (CL). Empirical research into SSRL has received considerable attention recently, with increasingly available multimodal data, advanced learning analytics (LA), and artificial intelligence (AI) providing promising research avenues. Yet, integrating these…

The Internet has been conducive to English as a foreign language (EFL) students' agency. However, EFL learners' agency does not necessarily make them autonomous learners, although agency and autonomy are interchangeably used. By addressing the link and difference between these two constructs, this qualitative exploratory case study sets out to…

Despite the global adoption of Content and Language Integrated Learning (CLIL) and extensive research on the effectiveness (product-oriented) and classroom interactions (process-oriented) of CLIL, existing studies have overlooked the motivational beliefs and metacognitive strategies of CLIL students. Hence, there is a need for a…