This study examines the perceptions of students in the Israeli public education system regarding secular interpretations of Judaism. The study analyzes a curriculum unit that was taught to Israeli high school students, which engaged the students with textual study of biblical, rabbinic and secular-"h?alutzic" sources. Applying qualitative research methods to the students' attitudes about the secular text, the research shows that most students associate being Jewish exclusively with a belief in God, and a religious reading of the Bible. As a result, they portray the secular-"h?alutzic" text, and its ideas about Jewishness, as non- and even anti-Jewish.