In this chapter, we examine how spatial access, the extent to which individuals must traverse space or time to reach a community college, varies by time of day across socio-demographic groups. We specifically measure spatial access as the time required to travel to a community college by public transit, a common mode of transportation for many…

This brief focuses on the importance of reliable transportation on students' well-being and academic performance. Utilizing data from the Fall 2023 Student Financial Wellness Survey (SFWS), and focusing on students who attended two-year institutions, the brief highlights the importance of transportation security on the lives and academics of…

Community colleges were established as affordable postsecondary education opportunities for all residents within their local areas. Typical measures of access to postsecondary institutions use binary indicators based on the presence of institutions within geographic areas or straight-line distance between student residences and college locations…

Previous studies identified student-specific and institutional factors that impact community college student retention. However, few studies have examined associations between commodity prices and community college student retention. Guided by rational choice theory, we examine the relationship between annual, state-level gasoline prices and…

The United States (US) airline industry is currently experiencing a pilot shortage that could quadruple between the years 2022-2025 (Baldwin, 2022). Although there is not a single cause for this pilot shortage, one of the reasons is the high cost of entry into the industry(Silk, 2019). For aspiring pilots to enter the aviation and/or airline…

This study examined the influence of multiple types of insecurity on student GPAs. Data demonstrated that students who did not experience one of the four insecurities had significantly higher GPAs that those facing housing, transportation, and employment barriers; food insecurity or combination; or all four insecurities.

Objectives: The objectives of the study were to identify sources of stress and examine stress levels by gender among students of Southeast Asian descent. Participants: Six hundred and five Cambodian, Hmong, Laotian, Vietnamese, and Other Southeast students from 12 community colleges across the United States. Methods: Students completed the…

For many students, transportation presents a barrier to college completion. In 2020-21, the average commuter student could expect to spend nearly one-fifth of their total living expenses on transportation costs. Transportation programs have the potential to offer students some relief--and help them reach college graduation--yet more rigorous…

Basic Need Insecurities often impact the ability of community college students to persist and complete their goals. The COVID-19 pandemic exacerbated BNI for students' forcing administrators to respond to and address BNI. This study will highlight administrators' responses toward BNI and focus on the changes and/or services administrators…

While food insecurity exists in the United States, research has shown it is felt at larger rates among the undergraduate student population. Those colleges with higher numbers of enrolled students of color also have larger numbers of students who are facing food insecurity. The California community college (CCC) system serves a diverse population…

Higher education is critical to the earnings potential and other outcomes for Black/African Americans and Hispanic/Latinx Americans (Carnavale & Strohl, 2013) who attend community college at higher rates than any other type of institution of higher education (CCRC, 2021). However, they graduate at lower rates than White and Asian students;…

Pursuant to California Education Code Section 88750, the California Community Colleges Chancellor's Office and the Board of Governors for California Community Colleges are pleased to release the Cal LAW Legislative Report. The report includes information on program implementation; program outcomes, including student participation and the…

As higher education enrollment patterns have changed, so too has the focus for institutional administrators. College students have been shown to be retained at higher rates when they are engaged in supportive services on campus. The Jefferson Community School program was designed to meet the non-academic needs of the community college student…

Subsidized transit policy is a strategy used to lessen environmental impacts and increase institutional accessibility in higher education. Program funding to support this subsidized transit policy can vary between institutions. This research focuses on the geographic analysis of Eco Pass, a student led initiative implemented in the Foothill De…

In 2022, the Center for the Study of Social Policy and Project SPARC conducted research to better understand the barriers experienced by parenting students participating in CalWORKs, California's cash assistance program for families with children. This brief highlights findings from the research on parenting students' experiences meeting their…