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Indicators of Progress in the Wake of Endrew F.: The Distinction between Professional Recommendations and Judicial Rulings
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Perry A. Zirkel; Mitchell L. Yell – Exceptional Children, 2024
The central obligation under the Individuals With Disabilities Education Act is to provide each eligible student with a free appropriate public education (FAPE). In "Endrew F. v. Douglas County School District RE-1" (2017), the U.S. Supreme Court revised the prior substantive standard for determining FAPE that the court had developed in…
Descriptors: Individualized Education Programs, Students with Disabilities, Court Litigation, Equal Education
Home as the Least Restrictive Environment for Students with Medical Disabilities: Recommendations for School Leaders under the IDEA
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Lustig, Benjamin C. – Journal of School Leadership, 2018
School leaders have a prominent role on Individual Education Program (IEP) teams and often face very challenging obstacles when determining substantive educational services and placement in the least restrictive environment (LRE) for students with medical disabilities. In absence of federal statutory and regulatory policy, standard legal research…
Descriptors: Students with Disabilities, Chronic Illness, Educational Legislation, Equal Education
An Updated Primer of Special Education Law
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Zirkel, Perry A. – TEACHING Exceptional Children, 2020
Teachers and parents often find special education law complex and confusing. As one step for a basic foundation in special education law, a previous "TEACHING Exceptional Children" article (Zirkel, 2005) provided a snapshot of the "top five case concepts" based on 10 decisions from the Supreme Court. Each of these decisions…
Descriptors: Special Education, Educational Legislation, Students with Disabilities, Disabilities