The pullout model is the model most widely used for Chapter 1 programs. This model involves taking students out of their regular classroom for one or more class periods to receive instruction from a Chapter 1 teacher. Problems associated with the pullout model include lack of coordination between the pullout class and the regular classroom. This…

Program improvement activities can be classified into four categories based on the source of the impetus and the locus of the change agent: systematic, symbolic, opportunistic, and pragmatic. This paper (1) describes the various approaches to implementing Chapter 1 program improvement activities at the state and local district levels in 13 western…