This descriptive study focused on identifying types of research conducted in the area of intellectual disability (ID) and published in peer-reviewed journals identified from professional organizations, experts in the field, and databases. The most common research design implemented with IDEA-eligible individuals identified as having ID was single case research designs, specifically multiple probe and multiple baseline designs. Within journals targeting the area of ID, most publications were empirical studies of individuals with ID or other participants (e.g., parents, teachers). It is important to understand types of literature and research informing the study of ID to understand the evidence underlying our practices and policies. Increased numbers of high quality intervention studies are needed to inform the field.