An analysis was made of the methods being used to assess the Kentucky Education Reform Act (KERA) of 1990. Although no single assessment plan has been developed, various activities are aimed at studying both the implementation and the impact of the law. Four assessment efforts are described as conducted by the following groups: (1) the Office of Education Accountability; (2) bureaus of the Kentucky State Department of Education; (3) the school accountability system; and (4) the KERA evaluation governing board. All of these agencies have produced, or will be producing, important information about statewide educational reform. However, many questions about the KERA still remain to be investigated. The school accountability system is especially worthy of intensive study because of its unique features. The most recent accountability initiative is the KERA Evaluation Governing Board, 10 citizens charged with developing and implementing an evaluation of the KERA. Kentucky is making very extensive use of student performance assessment, rather than using standardized multiple-choice tests. Furthermore, results of performance assessment will weigh heavily on which schools get financial rewards and which schools receive sanctions. (Author/SLD)