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Park, Chun Hui J.; Ganella, Despina E.; Kim, Jee Hyun – Learning & Memory, 2017
Anxiety disorders emerge early, and girls are significantly more likely to develop anxiety compared to boys. However, sex differences in fear during development are poorly understood. Therefore, we investigated juvenile male and female rats in the relapse behaviors following extinction of conditioned fear. In all experiments, 18-d-old rats first…
Descriptors: Animals, Anxiety Disorders, Gender Differences, Fear
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Bisby, Madelyne A.; Baker, Kathryn D.; Richardson, Rick – Learning & Memory, 2018
NMDA receptors (NMDARs) are considered critical for the consolidation of extinction but recent work challenges this assumption. Namely, NMDARs are not required for extinction retention in infant rats as well as when extinction training occurs for a second time (i.e., reextinction) in adult rats. In this study, a possible third instance of…
Descriptors: Fear, Learning Processes, Conditioning, Brain
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Matsunaga, Kaoru; Barnes, Melissa Marie; Saito, Eisuke – Cambridge Journal of Education, 2021
There has been increasing attention given to the notion that international education consists of non-linear and multi-directional transmissive exchanges between existing institutional academic conditions and international students. Despite the role of international students' agency being paramount, there is a dearth of research on the…
Descriptors: International Education, Foreign Students, Study Abroad, Foreign Countries