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Covariation of Intraindividual Variability in Cognitive Speed and Cognitive Performance across Young, Middle, and Older Adulthood
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Bielak, Allison A. M.; Anstey, Kaarin J. – Developmental Psychology, 2019
Intraindividual variability (IIV) in cognitive speed, or moment-to-moment changes in ability, is a developmental phenomenon indicative of neurological integrity that increases gradually across adulthood. Past research has shown that IIV negatively covaries with cognitive performance, in which higher IIV at one occasion is associated with poorer…
Descriptors: Cognitive Processes, Individual Differences, Cognitive Ability, Adult Development
Sense of Purpose as a Psychological Resource for Aging Well
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Windsor, Tim D.; Curtis, Rachel G.; Luszcz, Mary A. – Developmental Psychology, 2015
Having a sense of purpose is recognized as an important resource for maintaining health and well-being over the life span. We examined associations of individual differences in sense of purpose with levels and rates of change in indices of aging well (health, cognition, and depressive symptoms) in a sample of 1,475 older adults (M[subscript age] =…
Descriptors: Aging (Individuals), Well Being, Individual Differences, Scores
The Components of Working Memory Updating: An Experimental Decomposition and Individual Differences
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Ecker, Ullrich K. H.; Lewandowsky, Stephan; Oberauer, Klaus; Chee, Abby E. H. – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2010
Working memory updating (WMU) has been identified as a cognitive function of prime importance for everyday tasks and has also been found to be a significant predictor of higher mental abilities. Yet, little is known about the constituent processes of WMU. We suggest that operations required in a typical WMU task can be decomposed into 3 major…
Descriptors: Structural Equation Models, Short Term Memory, Cognitive Processes, Cognitive Ability
Complexity as a Reflection of the Dimensionality of a Task.
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Spilsbury, Georgina – Intelligence, 1992
The hypothesis that a task that increases in complexity (increasing its correlation with a central measure of intelligence) does so by increasing its dimensionality by tapping individual differences or another variable was supported by findings from 46 adults aged 20-70 years performing a mental counting task. (SLD)
Descriptors: Adults, Age Differences, Computation, Correlation