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Associations or Repetitions? Testing the Basis of the Perruchet Effect in Voluntary Response Speed
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Lee Cheong Lem, V. Annabelle; Moul, Caroline; Harris, Justin A.; Livesey, Evan J. – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2018
The "Perruchet effect" refers to a dissociation between the conscious expectancy of an outcome and the strength or speed of responding in anticipation of that outcome. This dissociation is considered by some to be the best evidence for multiple learning processes with expectancy governed by participants' explicit beliefs and responding…
Descriptors: Reaction Time, Expectation, Associative Learning, Priming
Overt Attention in Contextual Cuing of Visual Search Is Driven by the Attentional Set, but Not by the Predictiveness of Distractors
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Beesley, Tom; Hanafi, Gunadi; Vadillo, Miguel A.; Shanks, David R.; Livesey, Evan J. – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2018
Two experiments examined biases in selective attention during contextual cuing of visual search. When participants were instructed to search for a target of a particular color, overt attention (as measured by the location of fixations) was biased strongly toward distractors presented in that same color. However, when participants searched for…
Descriptors: Attention, Cues, Bias, Visual Perception
Do Reaction Times in the Perruchet Effect Reflect Variations in the Strength of an Associative Link?
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Mitchell, Chris J.; Wardle, Susan G.; Lovibond, Peter F.; Weidemann, Gabrielle; Chang, Betty P. I. – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2010
In 3 experiments, we examined Perruchet, Cleeremans, and Destrebecqz's (2006) double dissociation of cued reaction time (RT) and target expectancy. In this design, participants receive a tone on every trial and are required to respond as quickly as possible to a square presented on 50% of those trials (a partial reinforcement schedule).…
Descriptors: Reaction Time, Cues, Task Analysis, Associative Learning
Dissociations between Expectancy and Performance in Simple and Two-Choice Reaction-Time Tasks: A Test of Associative and Nonassociative Explanations
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Barrett, Louise C.; Livesey, Evan J. – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2010
Perruchet, Cleeremans, and Destrebecqz (2006) reported a striking dissociation between trends in the conscious expectancy of an event and the speed of a response that is cued by that event. They argued that this indicates the operation of independent processes in human associative learning. However, there remains a strong possibility that this…
Descriptors: Stimuli, Reaction Time, Associative Learning, Learning Processes
Procedural and Declarative Memory in Children with and without Specific Language Impairment
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Lum, Jarrad A. G.; Gelgic, Celin; Conti-Ramsden, Gina – International Journal of Language & Communication Disorders, 2010
Background: Much evidence has accumulated to indicate memory deficits in children with specific language impairment. However, most research has focused on working memory impairments in these children. Less is known about the functioning of other memory systems in this population. Aims: This study examined procedural and declarative memory in young…
Descriptors: Reaction Time, Language Impairments, Associative Learning, Short Term Memory
Attentional Changes during Implicit Learning: Signal Validity Protects a Target Stimulus from the Attentional Blink
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Livesey, Evan J.; Harris, Irina M.; Harris, Justin A. – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2009
Participants in 2 experiments performed 2 simultaneous tasks: one, a dual-target detection task within a rapid sequence of target and distractor letters; the other, a cued reaction time task requiring participants to make a cued left-right response immediately after each letter sequence. Under these rapid visual presentation conditions, it is…
Descriptors: Reaction Time, Associative Learning, Experiments, Task Analysis