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All Set! Evidence of Simultaneous Attentional Control Settings for Multiple Target Colors
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Irons, Jessica L.; Folk, Charles L.; Remington, Roger W. – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 2012
Although models of visual search have often assumed that attention can only be set for a single feature or property at a time, recent studies have suggested that it may be possible to maintain more than one attentional control setting. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether spatial attention could be guided by multiple attentional…
Descriptors: Attention Control, Spatial Ability, Color, Priming
Attentional Control in Visual Signal Detection: Effects of Abrupt-Onset and No-Onset Stimuli
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Sewell, David K.; Smith, Philip L. – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 2012
The attention literature distinguishes two general mechanisms by which attention can benefit performance: gain (or resource) models and orienting (or switching) models. In gain models, processing efficiency is a function of a spatial distribution of capacity or resources; in orienting models, an attentional spotlight must be aligned with the…
Descriptors: Reaction Time, Attention Control, Experimental Psychology, Visual Stimuli
The Interplay between Executive Control and Motor Functioning in Williams Syndrome
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Hocking, Darren R.; Thomas, Daniel; Menant, Jasmine C.; Porter, Melanie A.; Smith, Stuart; Lord, Stephen R.; Cornish, Kim M. – Developmental Science, 2013
Previous studies suggest that individuals with Williams syndrome (WS), a rare genetically based neurodevelopmental disorder, show specific weaknesses in visual attention and response inhibition within the visuospatial domain. Here we examine the extent to which impairments in attentional control extend to the visuomotor domain using a…
Descriptors: Mental Retardation, Genetic Disorders, Inhibition, Control Groups
Attentional Mechanisms in Simple Visual Detection: A Speed-Accuracy Trade-Off Analysis
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Liu, Charles C.; Wolfgang, Bradley J.; Smith, Philip L. – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 2009
Recent spatial cuing studies have shown that detection sensitivity can be increased by the allocation of attention. This increase has been attributed to one of two mechanisms: signal enhancement or uncertainty reduction. Signal enhancement is an increase in the signal-to-noise ratio at the cued location; uncertainty reduction is a reduction in the…
Descriptors: Cues, Visual Perception, Experiments, College Students
Improved Processing Speed: Online Computer-Based Cognitive Training in Older Adults
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Simpson, Tamara; Camfield, David; Pipingas, Andrew; Macpherson, Helen; Stough, Con – Educational Gerontology, 2012
In an increasingly aging population, a number of adults are concerned about declines in their cognitive abilities. Online computer-based cognitive training programs have been proposed as an accessible means by which the elderly may improve their cognitive abilities; yet, more research is needed in order to assess the efficacy of these programs. In…
Descriptors: Foreign Countries, Aging (Individuals), Comparative Analysis, Control Groups
Where in the World Am I? Mental Models Derived from Text and Spatial Inference.
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Ohtsuka, Keis – 1994
This study examined whether and to what extent the characteristics of mental models derived from the identical text, which is known to produce a certain type of mental model, are influenced if the subjects are given different task expectations before the reading session. Seventy-one undergraduates read one of the two text genres, descriptive or…
Descriptors: Expectation, Foreign Countries, Higher Education, Inferences