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Khalaf, Shiva; Santi, Kristi L.; Kulesz, Paulina A.; Bunta, Ferenc; Francis, David J. – Grantee Submission, 2019
This study investigated the dimensionality of bilingual phonological awareness (PA) in English and Spanish by replicating a kindergarten model in Grade 1, and presents alternatives to modeling clustered data. English and Spanish tasks were analyzed from previously collected samples totaling 1,586 first grade Spanish-speaking English learners. Four…
Descriptors: Bilingualism, Phonological Awareness, Spanish Speaking, Grade 1
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Beck, Sarah W.; Jeffery, Jill V. – Assessing Writing, 2007
High-stakes writing assessments currently exert a strong influence on the writing curriculum and instruction in schools across the United States. Under these circumstances it is important to examine the construct of writing competence on which these assessments are based, as well as the extent to which this construct supports the goals of…
Descriptors: Writing Evaluation, Task Analysis, High Stakes Tests, Literary Genres