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Babcock, Philip; Betts, Julian R. – National Bureau of Economic Research, 2009
Do smaller classes boost achievement mainly by helping teachers impart specific academic skills to students with low academic achievement? Or do they do so primarily by helping teachers engage poorly behaving students? The analysis uses the grade 3 to 4 transition in San Diego Unified School District as a source of exogenous variation in class…
Descriptors: Relationship, Class Size, Academic Achievement, Grade 1
Edwards, Brian – EdSource, 2011
California entered 2010-11 with a longstanding imbalance between ongoing spending and income. To help close that gap, state policymakers suspended Proposition 98, the minimum funding guarantee for K-12 schools and community colleges. In total, revenues for K-12 schools are down nearly 10% this year compared with 2007-08. Yet more cuts loom as the…
Descriptors: School Districts, Resource Allocation, Elementary Secondary Education, Federal Aid
Sims, David – Journal of Policy Analysis and Management, 2008
The California class size reduction program provided schools with cash rewards for K-3 classes of 20 or fewer students. I show how program rules made it possible for schools to save money by using mixed-grade classes to meet class size reduction obligations while maintaining larger average class sizes. I also show that this smoothing of students…
Descriptors: Class Size, Scores, Rewards, Teaching Experience
Maxson, Robert C.; Maxson, Sylvia P. – Phi Delta Kappan, 2002
Describes how the faculty of the College of Education at California State University, Long Beach, developed an academically rigorous, hands-on teacher credentialing program, with guaranteed results, to meet the demand created in July 1996 when the governor proposed an immediate reduction in class size to a 20-to-1 student/teacher ratio for grades…
Descriptors: Higher Education, Preservice Teacher Education, Primary Education, Schools of Education

Turley, Steve; Nakai, Karen – Educational Leadership, 1998
California's K-3 Class Size Reduction Initiative (1996) called for a 20:1 student-teacher ratio. Passage of this initiative created an unexpected teacher shortage and presented California teacher-education faculties with several dilemmas having long-term implications. When districts hired uncertified student teachers on an emergency-permit basis,…
Descriptors: Class Size, Primary Education, Small Classes, State Legislation
Schwartz, Wendy – 2003
Researchers have long investigated whether smaller classes improve student achievement. Their conclusions suggest that class size reduction (CSR) can result in greater in-depth coverage of subject matter by teachers, enhanced learning and stronger engagement by students, more personalized teacher-student relationships, and safer schools with fewer…
Descriptors: Academic Achievement, Class Size, Educational Change, Elementary Secondary Education
Lauren B. Resnick; Chris Zurawsky – American Educational Research Association (AERA), 2003
Most education research has confirmed that small classes yield benefits. Research also has revealed nuances about how and when small classes will work best, where an investment will result in maximum return, and exactly how many students a "small" class should have. The details of these findings can help policymakers strike a practical…
Descriptors: Class Size, Small Classes, Educational Environment, Low Achievement
Stecher, Brian; Bohrnstedt, George; Kirst, Michael; McRobbie, Joan; Williams, Trish – Phi Delta Kappan, 2001
Although second- and third-year evaluations of California's K-3 class-size reduction program show modest achievement gains, these improvements have had large costs. Interdistrict inequities have been exacerbated as the teacher work force increased 38 percent, qualifications dropped, and implementation costs soared. Recommendations are discussed.…
Descriptors: Achievement Gains, Administrative Problems, Cost Effectiveness, Educational Benefits
Thompson, Charles L.; Cunningham, Elizabeth K. – 2001
This report summarizes research on the effects of class size reduction, outlines lessons learned from large-scale class size reduction initiatives in California and Wisconsin, and draws out implications of the research and lessons for class size reduction in North Carolina. The evidence that smaller classes promote increased learning is strongest…
Descriptors: Academic Achievement, Class Size, Educational Change, Educational Finance
Weis, Charles – Leadership, 2000
Successful Ventura County schools know the best recipe for high achievement: fully credentialed, highly qualified, and motivated teachers; highly involved and well-educated parents; and adequate funding for smaller classes, professional development, and regular and alternative programs and facilities, topped off with excellent leadership. (MLH)
Descriptors: Community Support, Educational Quality, Elementary Secondary Education, High Achievement