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Jing Liu; Emily K. Penner; Wenjing Gao – Annenberg Institute for School Reform at Brown University, 2023
Teachers' sense-making of student behavior determines whether students get in trouble and are formally disciplined. Status categories, such as race, can influence perceptions of student culpability, but the degree to which teachers' initial identification of student misbehavior exacerbates racial disproportionality in discipline receipt is…
Descriptors: Teachers, Urban Schools, Referral, Teacher Behavior
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Jing Liu; Emily K. Penner; Wenjing Gao – Educational Researcher, 2023
Teachers' sensemaking of student behavior determines whether students get in trouble and are formally disciplined. Status categories, such as race, can influence perceptions of student culpability, but the degree to which teachers' initial identification of student misbehavior exacerbates racial disproportionality in discipline receipt is unknown.…
Descriptors: Teachers, Urban Schools, Referral, Teacher Behavior
Wanzi Muruvi; Anna Powell; Yoonjeon Kim; Abby Copeman Petig; Lea J. E. Austin – Center for the Study of Child Care Employment, 2024
Our look at the well-being of California's early educators points to the need to consider work environments in early care and education (ECE) policy development. The learning environments of young children are also the work environments of the ECE workforce. Supportive and safe work environments that foster a respectful workplace climate can…
Descriptors: Well Being, Early Childhood Teachers, Child Care, Child Care Centers