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Download full textRamon T. Flores; Daniel J. Losen – Civil Rights Project - Proyecto Derechos Civiles, 2023
While the statewide trends and disparities suggest that the rate of lost instruction in California due to out-of-school suspension (OSS) is about where it was before the COVID-19 school closures, this is the first report to highlight how post-COVID suspensions in 2021-2022 have added to the pandemic's harmful impact of instructional loss,…
Descriptors: Discipline, Suspension, COVID-19, Pandemics
Cronin, John; Dahlin, Michael; Adkins, Deborah; Kingsbury, G. Gage – Thomas B. Fordham Institute, 2007
At the heart of the No Child Left Behind Act (NCLB) is the call for all students to be "proficient" in reading and mathematics by 2014. Yet the law expects each state to define proficiency as it sees fit and design its own tests. This study investigated three research questions related to this policy: (1) How consistent are various…
Descriptors: Federal Legislation, Mathematics Tests, Test Validity, Reading Tests
