Preservice mathematics teachers today are charged with the challenging yet vital task of learning how to authentically engage their future students in the Standards for Mathematical Practice. These eight practices specify the various levels of competence that mathematics teachers of all levels should explore to see their students flourish. While…

Problem solving is a highly valued skill in chemistry. Courses within this discipline place a substantial emphasis on problem-solving performance and tend to weigh such performance heavily in assessments of learning. Researchers have dedicated considerable effort investigating individual factors that influence problem-solving performance. The…

This study investigated how domain specifications controlled topic and rater reliability. History students completed three performance tasks. For each topic, they took prior knowledge tests, read primary materials, and wrote explanatory essays. Using a theory-based scoring rubric, four raters scored all essays. The rubric worked similarly on the…