AURAL-ORAL METHODS IN THE EARLY STAGES OF LEARNING A SECOND LANGUAGE WERE COMPARED AND CONTRASTED. JAPANESE LANGUAGE LESSONS WERE PRESENTED ENTIRELY BY TAPE, WITHOUT THE CORRECTION OF A MONITOR, TO TWO GROUPS OF COLLEGE STUDENTS. ONE GROUP USED A TEXT OF TRANSLATIONS THE OTHER DID NOT. EACH OF THESE GROUPS WAS FURTHER DIVIDED INTO THREE SECTIONS…

THE USE OF PHONEMIC TRANSCRIPTION IN SECOND LANGUAGE LEARNING WAS INVESTIGATED, SPECIFICALLY AS TRANSCRIPTION FACILITATES AUDITORY-VISUAL RECOGNITION OF RUSSIAN SOUNDS AND SCRIPT. PHONEMIC TRANSCRIPTION SERVED IN THIS STUDY AS THE MEDIATING AGENT BETWEEN RUSSIAN SOUNDS AND CYRILLIC SCRIPT. THE LEARNING PROCESS WAS SET UP ON A MEDIATION CHAIN OF…

THE EMPHASIS IN THIS STUDY WAS ON EXPLORING MEANS OF MAKING PROGRAMS MORE RESPONSIVE TO INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES AMONG LEARNERS AND ON DEVELOPING RULES AND PROCEDURES FOR WRITING AND IMPROVING PROGRAMS. THE PROGRAMED COURSE IN BEGINNING SPANISH SELECTED FOR THE STUDY WAS DESIGNED FOR USE BY STUDENTS WITHOUT THE ASSISTANCE OF A TEACHER. IT ATTEMPTS…