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Direct linkZirkel, Perry A. – Communique, 2021
After dropping steadily from 2000-2001 to 2013-2014, the percentage of students identified under the IDEA classification of specific learning disabilities (SLD) levelled off and increased slightly until the latest data available (2017-2018; NCES, 2019). Despite the recognition in the IDEA amendments of 2004 of response to intervention (RTI) as…
Descriptors: Learning Disabilities, Students with Disabilities, Educational Legislation, Eligibility
Zirkel, Perry A. – Communique, 2018
Specific learning disability (SLD), although moderately declining in recent years, continues to account for the highest enrollment among the eligibility classifications under the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA; Zirkel, 2013b). The recognition of response to intervention (RTI) in the 2004 amendments of the IDEA as an approach for…
Descriptors: Learning Disabilities, Response to Intervention, Special Education, Eligibility
Peer reviewedChristo, Catherine; D'Incau, Barbara J.; Ponzuric, Jenny – Contemporary School Psychology, 2017
The California Association of School Psychologists (CASP) responds to a critique of the Association's Position Paper: "Specific Learning Disabilities and Patterns of Strengths and Weaknesses" (2014, March. Available: http://casponline.org/about-casp/publications/) by McGill and Busse. The CASP offers corrections to McGill and Busse's…
Descriptors: Reader Response, Learning Disabilities, Disability Identification, School Psychologists
Download full textFarkas, George – Policy Analysis for California Education, PACE, 2020
This brief examines California's Multi-Tiered System of Supports (MTSS), which is a framework designed to identify and assist students performing below grade level. MTSS involves at least three tiers of support; Tier 2 includes personalized assistance. Unfortunately, Tier 2 services are not adequately resourced so it is not surprising that…
Descriptors: Achievement Gap, Intervention, Response to Intervention, Resource Allocation
Armendariz, Gina; Jung, Adrian – Journal of Special Education Apprenticeship, 2016
The purpose of this study was to investigate the perceptions of educators on the acceptance of either the Response to Intervention (RTI) model or the Severe Discrepancy (SD) model in the identification of students with a SLD. The study consisted of 160 general education (GE) teachers and 119 special education (SPED) teachers. The study used a…
Descriptors: Response to Intervention, Learning Disabilities, Teacher Attitudes, Special Education Teachers
Christo, Catherine; Ponzuric, Jenny – Contemporary School Psychology, 2017
California Association of School Psychologists (CASP) adopted a Position Paper in March, 2014 intended to support school psychologists in California in electing to use a process known as Patterns of Strengths and Weaknesses (PSW) as one of three methods specified in IDEA 2014 and California Code of Regulations, Title 5, to identify students being…
Descriptors: Learning Disabilities, School Psychologists, Professional Associations, Position Papers
Graves, Anne W.; Brandon, Regina; Duesbery, Luke; McIntosh, Angela; Pyle, Nicole B. – Learning Disability Quarterly, 2011
The purpose of this quasi-experimental study was to (a) compare Tier 2 evidence-based intensive reading instruction to business-as-usual instruction for sixth graders with and without learning disabilities who were "far below" or "below" basic level in literacy and (b) explore the development of a response-to-intervention model…
Descriptors: Literacy Education, Grade 6, Response to Intervention, Middle Schools
Samuels, Christina A. – Education Digest: Essential Readings Condensed for Quick Review, 2011
The 2004-05 school year didn't start off well for the Sanger Unified School District. The district, located east of Fresno, had entered its first year of "program improvement"--a gentler way of saying that Sanger was among the 98 lowest-performing districts in the state based on success criteria in the No Child Left Behind law. The…
Descriptors: Federal Legislation, Program Improvement, Educational Improvement, Federal Programs
Saeki, Elina; Jimerson, Shane R.; Earhart, James; Hart, Shelley R.; Renshaw, Tyler; Singh, Renee D.; Stewart, Kaitlyn – Contemporary School Psychology, 2011
As many schools move toward a three-tier model that incorporates a Response to Intervention (RtI) service delivery model in the social, emotional, and behavioral domains, school psychologists may provide leadership. The decision-making process for filtering students through multiple tiers of support and intervention and examining change is an area…
Descriptors: Evidence, Intervention, School Psychologists, Identification
Shenoy, Sunaina – Berkeley Review of Education, 2014
English language learners (ELLs) who are in the process of acquiring English as a second language for academic purposes, are often misidentified as having Language Learning Disabilities (LLDs). Policies regarding the assessment of ELLs have undergone many changes through the years, such as the introduction of a Response to Intervention (RTI)…
Descriptors: English (Second Language), Second Language Learning, Language Impairments, Language Skills
Christo, Catherine – California School Psychologist, 2005
The purpose of this article is to provide the reader with a conceptual understanding of the key elements in a three tiered Response to Intervention (RTI) model. The three tiered model is discussed in terms of how it would be applied in implementing an intervention program to promote the development of reading. The characteristics of interventions,…
Descriptors: School Psychologists, Reading Instruction, Reading Programs, Curriculum Implementation
