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The Case of the Missing Visual Details: Occlusion and Long-Term Visual Memory
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Williams, Carrick C.; Burkle, Kyle A. – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2017
To investigate the critical information in long-term visual memory representations of objects, we used occlusion to emphasize 1 type of information or another. By occluding 1 solid side of the object (e.g., top 50%) or by occluding 50% of the object with stripes (like a picket fence), we emphasized visible information about the object, processing…
Descriptors: Long Term Memory, Visual Perception, College Students, Pictorial Stimuli
Sex Differences in Mental Rotation Tasks: Not Just in the Mental Rotation Process!
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Boone, Alexander P.; Hegarty, Mary – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2017
The paper-and-pencil Mental Rotation Test (Vandenberg & Kuse, 1978) consistently produces large sex differences favoring men (Voyer, Voyer, & Bryden, 1995). In this task, participants select 2 of 4 answer choices that are rotations of a probe stimulus. Incorrect choices (i.e., foils) are either mirror reflections of the probe or…
Descriptors: Gender Differences, Cognitive Processes, Spatial Ability, Cognitive Tests
Event Structure and Cognitive Control
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Reimer, Jason F.; Radvansky, Gabriel A.; Lorsbach, Thomas C.; Armendarez, Joseph J. – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2015
Recently, a great deal of research has demonstrated that although everyday experience is continuous in nature, it is parsed into separate events. The aim of the present study was to examine whether event structure can influence the effectiveness of cognitive control. Across 5 experiments we varied the structure of events within the AX-CPT by…
Descriptors: Cognitive Processes, Attention Control, Experience, Experiments
Sample Size Bias in Judgments of Perceptual Averages
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Price, Paul C.; Kimura, Nicole M.; Smith, Andrew R.; Marshall, Lindsay D. – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2014
Previous research has shown that people exhibit a sample size bias when judging the average of a set of stimuli on a single dimension. The more stimuli there are in the set, the greater people judge the average to be. This effect has been demonstrated reliably for judgments of the average likelihood that groups of people will experience negative,…
Descriptors: Sample Size, Statistical Bias, Visual Perception, Pictorial Stimuli
Choosing and Using Geospatial Displays: Effects of Design on Performance and Metacognition
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Hegarty, Mary; Smallman, Harvey S.; Stull, Andrew T. – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied, 2012
Interactive display systems give users flexibility to tailor their visual displays to different tasks and situations. However, in order for such flexibility to be beneficial, users need to understand how to tailor displays to different tasks (to possess "metarepresentational competence"). Recent research suggests that people may desire…
Descriptors: Undergraduate Students, Weather, Reaction Time, Eye Movements
Sex Influences on the Neurobiology of Learning and Memory
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Andreano, Joseph M.; Cahill, Larry – Learning & Memory, 2009
In essentially every domain of neuroscience, the generally implicit assumption that few, if any, meaningful differences exist between male and female brain function is being challenged. Here we address how this development is influencing studies of the neurobiology of learning and memory. While it has been commonly held that males show an…
Descriptors: Memory, Brain, Spatial Ability, Gender Differences