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Download full textPapageorgiou, Spiros; Davis, Larry; Ohta, Renka; Gomez, Pablo Garcia – ETS Research Report Series, 2022
In this research report, we describe a study to map the scores of the "TOEFL® Essentials"™ test to the Canadian Language Benchmarks (CLB). The TOEFL Essentials test is a four-skills assessment of foundational English language skills and communication abilities in academic and general (daily life) contexts. At the time of writing this…
Descriptors: Foreign Countries, Language Tests, English (Second Language), Second Language Learning
Barkaoui, Khaled – ETS Research Report Series, 2015
This study aimed to describe the writing activities that test takers engage in when responding to the writing tasks in the "TOEFL iBT"[superscript R] test and to examine the effects of task type and test-taker English language proficiency (ELP) and keyboarding skills on the frequency and distribution of these activities. Each of 22 test…
Descriptors: Second Language Learning, Language Tests, English (Second Language), Writing Instruction
Lee, Yong-Won; Kantor, Robert – ETS Research Report Series, 2005
Possible integrated and independent tasks were pilot tested for the writing section of a new generation of TOEFL® (Test of English as a Foreign Language™) examination. This study examines the impact of various rating designs as well as the impact of the number of tasks and raters on the reliability of writing scores based on integrated and…
Descriptors: Language Tests, English (Second Language), Second Language Learning, Writing Tests
Cumming, Alister; Kantor, Robert; Baba, Kyoko; Eouanzoui, Keanre; Erdosy, Usman; James, Mark – ETS Research Report Series, 2006
We assessed whether and how the discourse written for prototype integrated tasks (involving writing in response to print or audio source texts) field tested for the new TOEFL® differs from the discourse written for independent essays (i.e., the TOEFL essay). We selected 216 compositions written for 6 tasks by 36 examinees in a field…
Descriptors: Discourse Analysis, Essays, Scores, Language Proficiency
