Some Canadian undergraduate engineering programs report 30-40% of enrolled students are women. Kanter's tipping point theory argues that women become less tokenized when they make up 30% of a group's population. Other scholars have found that in comparable situations, women continued to experience discrimination, hostility, and competition. This…

Gender disparity persists in the personal caregiving of children and older adults, and in professional caregiving duties, with many workplace policies and cultures favoring the "ideal worker" and presenting significant and continuing barriers to female caregivers' professional success and well-being. The recent pandemic both highlighted…

Contributions from and innovation in science and technology over many decades have resulted in dramatic improvements to American lives, including enhanced living standards and life expectancy, better access to information and connectivity across the globe, and increased access to and affordability of consumer goods. The analysis in this report is…

In this work, we describe youth outreach activities carried out under the Chair for Women in Science and Engineering for Ontario (CWSE-ON) program. Specifically, we outline our design and implementation of robotics workshops to introduce and engage middle and secondary school students in engineering and computer science. Toward the goal of…

The phenomenon of women's underrepresentation in engineering is well known. However, the slow progress in achieving better gender equality here compared with other domains has accentuated the "numbers" issue, while the quality aspects have been largely ignored. This study aims to shed light on both these aspects via the lens of mentors,…

The Commission on International Adult Education (CIAE) of the American Association for Adult and Continuing Education (AAACE) provides a forum for the discussion of international issues related to adult education in general, as well as adult education in various countries around the globe. These "Proceedings" are from the Commission of…

In a randomized-controlled trial, we tested 2 brief interventions designed to mitigate the effects of a "chilly climate" women may experience in engineering, especially in male-dominated fields. Participants were students entering a selective university engineering program. The "social-belonging intervention" aimed to protect…

Women are under-represented in the engineering field. Although more than 50% of Canadian university students are female, they represent less than 25% of students enrolled nationally in engineering programs. This study found that female high school students are as aware of engineering as a discipline as their male counterparts but are significantly…

Possible reasons why female representation in Canada's engineering schools and profession has increased rapidly in the last few years are discussed. The findings of a nationwide survey of women engineers regarding their professional and personal lives are highlighted. (MT)

Analyzed women's enrollment levels in mathematics, engineering, and computer science in Canadian universities and the change in these levels between 1972 and 1995. Found vastly different patterns of enrollment in the three disciplines (for example, computer science enrollment did not increase at all during the studied period), suggesting that…

This study used Super's theory of vocational development and choice as the basis for looking at implementation of the self concept in an occupation. Focus groups were used with 123 women enrolled in science and science-related programs in Alberta colleges, technical institutes, and universities. Proceedings of each group were type recorded,…

This paper presents the first results of a project initiated in 2004 by the OECD in collaboration with Eurostat and the UNESCO Institute for Statistics, and aimed at developing a regular and internationally comparable production system of indicators on the careers and mobility of doctorate holders. A first data collection was launched in September…

Though women constitute 53% of students graduating annually from provincially assisted Ontario universities with bachelors and first professional degrees, they tend to remain concentrated in fields more conventionally dominated by females, and their representation in traditionally male disciplines (engineering, applied science, mathematics, and…

This report presents strategies for ensuring full participation and achievement in the sciences by women and girls, calling upon all adults to support the interest and persistence of females in science, engineering, and technology. After two introductory special reports, "International Efforts through Beijing +5" and "Toward Equity…

Data are provided on degrees awarded by Canadian universities by level (bachelor's and first professional, master's, and doctoral) and discipline (education, fine and applied arts, humanities and related, social science and related, agricultural and biological sciences, engineering and applied sciences, health professions and occupations, and…