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Direct linkNewman, Ian R.; Gibb, Maia; Thompson, Valerie A. – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2017
It is commonly assumed that belief-based reasoning is fast and automatic, whereas rule-based reasoning is slower and more effortful. Dual-Process theories of reasoning rely on this speed-asymmetry explanation to account for a number of reasoning phenomena, such as base-rate neglect and belief-bias. The goal of the current study was to test this…
Descriptors: Logical Thinking, Beliefs, Bias, Problem Solving
Pennycook, Gordon; Trippas, Dries; Handley, Simon J.; Thompson, Valerie A. – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2014
Base-rate neglect refers to the tendency for people to underweight base-rate probabilities in favor of diagnostic information. It is commonly held that base-rate neglect occurs because effortful (Type 2) reasoning is required to process base-rate information, whereas diagnostic information is accessible to fast, intuitive (Type 1) processing…
Descriptors: Probability, Intuition, Cognitive Processes, Physicians
