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Wang, Jing; Bai, Barry; Nie, Youyan – Scandinavian Journal of Educational Research, 2023
This study examined the role of perceived classroom goal structures and parent's goals in predicting students' achievement goals, engagement and achievement. Mastery goals were predicted by both classroom and parents' mastery goals. Both performance-approach goals and performance-avoidance goals were predicted by both classroom and parents'…
Descriptors: Goal Orientation, English (Second Language), Second Language Learning, Academic Achievement
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Mu, Wenlong; Chen, Zheng; Duan, Wenjie – Journal of Psychoeducational Assessment, 2021
The Academic Encouragement Scale (AES) evaluates academic encouragement received from someone whom the student respects. This study reported the psychometric properties of the AES among 1602 Chinese adolescents. The results of confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) supported a two-factor structure of the AES (i.e., challenge-focused encouragement…
Descriptors: Academic Achievement, Measures (Individuals), Adolescents, Interpersonal Relationship