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Hang Zhang; Yueyue Zhou; Qiaoling Li; Guoxiang Zhao – SAGE Open, 2025
Based on dynamic systems theory, the longitudinal study tracked 120 kindergarten children 2 years to examine the differentiation and transition of object control profiles among preschool children aged 3 to 6. Latent profile analysis (LPA) and latent transition analysis (LTA) were employed to identify development profiles and transitions, as well…
Descriptors: Preschool Children, Gender Differences, Student Characteristics, Psychomotor Skills
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Zhao, Meiling; Han, Xiaowei; Che, Li; Qi, Chenhui; Ma, Xiaoni; Wang, Shizhi – Early Child Development and Care, 2023
The main objective of this study was to examine the existence of Relative Age Effect (RAE) and analyze the effect of gender on Fundamental Motor Skills (FMS) of preschool children aged 4-5 years old. A total of 298 healthy preschool children were evaluated. The Test of Gross Motor Development-2 (TGMD-2) was used to evaluate preschoolers' FMS. The…
Descriptors: Age Differences, Gender Differences, Psychomotor Skills, Preschool Children
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Ma, Jiani; Duncan, Michael J.; Chen, Si-Tong; Eyre, Emma L. J.; Cai, Yujun – European Physical Education Review, 2022
The present study aimed to examine cross-cultural differences in fundamental movement skills (FMS) proficiency levels in children aged 9-10 years old in England and China, using a process-oriented FMS measurement. Four FMS (run, jump, throw, catch) were measured using the Test of Gross Motor Development-2 (TGMD-2). The sample consisted of 272…
Descriptors: Cross Cultural Studies, Cultural Differences, Psychomotor Skills, Foreign Countries