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Direct linkHuinan Liu; Bo Chen; Sihui Huang; Songting Yao; Wenqi Zhao; Ziyin Li – Science & Education, 2025
The diversity of scientific methods has received widespread attention and recognition in recent years. Brandon's Matrix illustrated four categories of scientific methods, which was applied to establish the analytical framework of this study. This paper adopted content analysis to investigate how the diversity of scientific methods is represented…
Descriptors: Science Education, Chemistry, Scientific Methodology, Foreign Countries
Ming Chi; Changlong Zheng; Peng He – Research in Science Education, 2025
Chemical thinking has been widely recognized as a core competence that students develop in chemistry education. This study examined the distribution and representation forms of chemical thinking in the five Chinese high school chemistry textbooks aligned with the new national standards in Mainland China. We employed the framework of essential…
Descriptors: Foreign Countries, Secondary School Science, Science Education, Chemistry
