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Zhi Liu; Huimin Duan; Shiqi Liu; Rui Mu; Sannyuya Liu; Zongkai Yang – Educational Technology & Society, 2024
Conversational agents (CAs) primarily adopt knowledge scaffolding (KS) or emotional scaffolding (ES) to intervene in learners' knowledge gain and emotional experience in online learning. However, the ill-defined design for KS and ES, as well as insufficient understanding of their interactive effects on learning outcomes, have hindered the…
Descriptors: Electronic Learning, Achievement Gains, Knowledge Level, Emotional Experience