With the rise of accountability measures in education, many policymakers have also argued the need to record, assess, and certify students' holistic development. However, using China as a case, we caution how a policy-driven reform on the assessment of holistic development might fall into the pitfall of performativity. Borrowing from Ball's (Ball,…

Research into the critical period of Chinese pupils' moral development is one of the most important parts in the field of moral psychological study. This paper reviews 20-year literature available on the critical period of pupils' moral development and its instruments to measure it. It also gives details of its inadequate research into pupils'…