Computer-supported collaborative concept mapping (CSCCM) integrates technology and concept mapping to support students' knowledge understanding, and much research on the behavioral patterns involved in CSCCM activities has been conducted. However, there is limited understanding of the differences in knowledge understanding and behavioral patterns…

Debugging is the most difficult part of programming for novices. Through comparative experiments, this paper compares the differences between novices and the experts in the debugging process from the perspective of the frequency of each debugging skill behavior and the connection of each behavior. The study find that there is a difference in the…

Symbolic meaning expressed by Chinese language characters is helpful to non-Chinese persons in understanding Chinese culture. The implicit metaphors in Chinese characters present pictographic descriptions of the meaning in the form of a story, situation, or symbol which places the otherwise abstract concept in a cultural context. All languages…