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Hao, Xiaoxin; Xu, Zhiyi; Guo, Mingyue; Hu, Yuzheng; Geng, Fengji – International Journal of STEM Education, 2023
Background: Coding has become an integral part of STEM education. However, novice learners face difficulties in processing codes within embedded structures (also termed nested structures). This study aimed to investigate the cognitive mechanism underlying the processing of embedded coding structures based on hierarchical complexity theory, which…
Descriptors: Cognitive Processes, Difficulty Level, Programming, Computer Science Education
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Zhizezhang Gao; Haochen Yan; Jiaqi Liu; Xiao Zhang; Yuxiang Lin; Yingzhi Zhang; Xia Sun; Jun Feng – International Journal of STEM Education, 2025
Background: With the increasing interdisciplinarity between computer science (CS) and other fields, a growing number of non-CS students are embracing programming. However, there is a gap in research concerning differences in programming learning between CS and non-CS students. Previous studies predominantly relied on outcome-based assessments,…
Descriptors: Computer Science Education, Mathematics Education, Novices, Programming
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Shi, Nianfeng; Cui, Wen; Zhang, Ping; Sun, Ximing – Journal of Educational Computing Research, 2018
This research applies the roles of variables to the novice programmers in the C language programming. The results are evaluated using the Structure of Observed Learning Outcomes (SOLO) taxonomy. The participants were divided into an experimental group and a control group. The students from the control group learned programming in the traditional…
Descriptors: Computer Science Education, Programming, Programming Languages, Novices