Artificial Intelligence (AI), as an innovation in technology, has greatly affected human life. AI applications such as ChatGPT have been used in different fields, particularly education. However, the use of AI applications to enhance undergraduate students' academic emotions and test anxiety has not been appropriately investigated. This study…

Recent AI-based language learning research highlights learners' crucial role, yet university learner readiness in ChatGPT-based English learning remains unexplored. Accordingly, this current research attempted to develop and validate a tool to evaluate university learner readiness for ChatGPT-assisted English learning (LRCEL) to address the…