Students' perceived teacher support (SPTS) is considered crucial to students' learning. But most existing SPTS scales were developed for the field of general education, and there is a lack of studies that attempt to develop a tailored scale specifically for the context of EFL learning. This study interviewed 86 Chinese college EFL learners and…

Considering the key role of organizational commitment in teachers' professional performance, many researchers have studied the predictors of this variable in different educational institutions. However, a short glance at the pertinent literature displays that most of the previous studies on this variable have been conducted in general education…

This study aims to fill the gaps in measuring foreign language reading enjoyment by developing an English reading enjoyment scale for Chinese university students. Scherer's [(2000). 'Emotions as Episodes of Subsystem Synchronization Driven by Nonlinear Appraisal Processes.' In "Emotion, Development, and Self-Organization: Dynamic Systems…

This paper examines the role of metacognitive awareness in academic writing in a mixed-method study. In addition to validating an instrument assessing metacognitive knowledge and strategies in the context of academic writing, the study uncovered how Chinese multilingual students' metacognitive knowledge, metacognitive strategies, and metacognitive…

Given the preeminent role of students' reading motivation in their academic success in reading, which determines the quality and intensity of cognition and behaviors, it is important to investigate the predicative effects of different aspects of reading motivation on students' learning strategies particularly in a foreign language learning context…

The present study sought to understand the nature and level of foreign language (FL) anxiety among primary school students and the relationship between FL anxiety and FL achievement. Changes in FL anxiety across groups of three primary school years were also examined. A total of 631 (324 male, 307 female) primary school students aged 9-11 years…

Recent AI-based language learning research highlights learners' crucial role, yet university learner readiness in ChatGPT-based English learning remains unexplored. Accordingly, this current research attempted to develop and validate a tool to evaluate university learner readiness for ChatGPT-assisted English learning (LRCEL) to address the…

Learning a second language is a life-long process requiring acquaintance with a repertoire of language learning strategies (LLS). Despite copious research on LLS and their role in fostering autonomous learning, few studies have examined strategies employed when trying to master specific subsystems of the target language, especially grammar.…

Informal digital learning of English (IDLE) is an increasingly important subfield of inquiry in Computer-Assisted Language Learning (CALL) for its concentration on the language learning practices of the digital native EFL students in out-of-class contexts. Attention in mainstream research of IDLE has been directed to (meta)cognition, learning…

This study developed the Speaking Strategies for Self-Regulated Learning Questionnaire based on Oxford's (2017) strategic self-regulation model of language learning to cross-validate the multifaceted structure of speaking strategies in English as a foreign language (EFL) learners. 963 undergraduate students from a university in Southeast China…

Teachers' conceptions of assessment are a significant indicator of teacher assessment literacy. This study contextualized pre-service teachers' conceptions of assessment in Chinese second language education. An exploratory factor analysis generated eight first-order factors and the following confirmatory factor analysis found a hierarchical model,…

This study examined the psychometric properties of the Motivational scale of the Motivated Strategies for Learning Questionnaire in a sample of 656 Chinese secondary students in an English learning context. Exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis results suggested that a five-factor motivational structure fit the data better…

With the emerging trend of researching teacher identity from using qualitative approach to adopting quantitative or mixed-methods approach, it is essential and significant to develop instruments for measuring this construct. This paper reports on the development and validation of a measurement tool, the English Teacher Identity Measure (ETIM).…

This paper presents the development and validation of the reading motivation questionnaire in an English as a foreign language context (RMQ-EFL) with Chinese secondary students. Data were collected from a sample of 293 secondary students in grades 10-11. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses resulted in determination of five factors (i.e.,…

Emotional Intelligence (EI) is essential attribution among school learners of today. In this respect, determination and normalization of the measures to investigate and recognize dimensions levels help educators have a successful intervention and increase students' academic achievement level. This research aimed to explore the relationship between…