Based on analysis of the responses of 359 no-fee preservice students, this study found that: (1) Local identity includes the living environment, cultural environment, people, behavior, economic identity, and sense of alienation associated with one's home place. (2) Local identity is relatively high overall, but identity with behavior at home and the home economy is rather low. Year-in-school, specialty, ethnicity, and other factors have an impact on local identity. (3) Localized professional orientation is higher among students from the western region of China than students from the central region, among students from the south than those from the north, and among students from counties and towns than students from rural villages. (4) Identity with the home living environment and cultural life and sense of alienation from home has a direct effect on students' localized professional orientation. Year-in-school has an indirect effect on localized professional orientation through students' identity with their home cultural life and sense of alienation from home.