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Joutsenlahti, Jorma; Kulju, Pirjo – Education Sciences, 2017
The purpose of this study is to present a multimodal languaging model for mathematics education. The model consists of mathematical symbolic language, a pictorial language, and a natural language. By applying this model, the objective was to study how 4th grade pupils (N = 21) understand the concept of division. The data was collected over six…
Descriptors: Case Studies, Arithmetic, Elementary School Mathematics, Elementary School Students
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Hannula-Sormunen, Minna M.; Lehtinen, Erno; Räsänen, Pekka – Mathematical Thinking and Learning: An International Journal, 2015
This seven-year longitudinal study examined how children's spontaneous focusing on numerosity (SFON), subitizing based enumeration, and counting skills assessed at five or six years predict their school mathematics achievement at 12 years. The participants were 36 Finnish children without diagnosed neurological disorders. The results, based on…
Descriptors: Preschool Children, Arithmetic, Mathematics Skills, Foreign Countries