Background and objectives: Although randomized controlled trials (RCTs) have been performed to alleviate loneliness among older people, little is known about how they have been implemented, or whether they are effective in real life. Our RCT-based model, "Circle of Friends" (CoF) proved to be effective in improving the wellbeing, health…

Presents premises of educational services directed at the aged, how the services have been implemented, and criticisms of services. Reviews vocational and general education for the aged and examines research conducted in Finland on education for the aged. (JOW)