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Klette, Kirsti; Blikstad-Balas, Marte – European Educational Research Journal, 2018
The aim of this paper is to discuss the role of coding and observation manuals in classroom studies. While observation manuals have been a part of the methodological toolkit for measuring various aspects of instruction for decades, the field has also been suffering from "paradigm wars," fragmentation and local production of instruments.…
Descriptors: Classroom Observation Techniques, Guides, Coding, Research Methodology
OECD Publishing, 2014
The Programme for International Assessment of Adult Competencies (PIAAC) will establish technical standards and guidelines to ensure that the survey design and implementation processes of PIAAC yield high-quality and internationally comparable data. This document provides a revised version of the technical standards and guidelines originally…
Descriptors: Adults, International Assessment, Adult Literacy, Competence