Publication Date
| In 2025 | 0 |
| Since 2024 | 0 |
| Since 2021 (last 5 years) | 2 |
| Since 2016 (last 10 years) | 2 |
| Since 2006 (last 20 years) | 2 |
Descriptor
Author
| Alexandra Stone | 1 |
| Amanda Tazaz | 1 |
| Chris Rhoads | 1 |
| Farfan, Guillermo | 1 |
| Robert Schoen | 1 |
| Schoen, Robert C. | 1 |
| Walter Secada | 1 |
Publication Type
| Reports - Research | 2 |
| Journal Articles | 1 |
Education Level
| Elementary Education | 2 |
| Early Childhood Education | 1 |
| Grade 1 | 1 |
| Grade 2 | 1 |
| Grade 3 | 1 |
| Grade 4 | 1 |
| Grade 5 | 1 |
| Intermediate Grades | 1 |
| Kindergarten | 1 |
| Middle Schools | 1 |
| Primary Education | 1 |
| More ▼ | |
Audience
Location
| Florida | 2 |
Laws, Policies, & Programs
Assessments and Surveys
What Works Clearinghouse Rating
Elementary Students' Understanding of the Equals Symbol: Do Florida Students Outperform Their Peers?
Peer reviewed
Download full text
Direct linkFarfan, Guillermo; Schoen, Robert C. – Grantee Submission, 2021
Many studies conducted in the last decades report that very few elementary-grades students understand the meaning of = in mathematics, and that upper-elementary students do not understand it any better than the lower-elementary students do. Using data from thousands of Florida elementary students, we show that students in Florida perform ten to…
Descriptors: Elementary School Students, Mathematics Instruction, Symbols (Mathematics), Instructional Program Divisions
Robert Schoen; Chris Rhoads; Amanda Tazaz; Walter Secada; Alexandra Stone – Society for Research on Educational Effectiveness, 2021
Billions of dollars are spent every year on teacher professional development (PD) programs (Fermanich, 2002; Odden et al., 2002; TNTP, 2015; U.S. Department of Education, 2014). The few rigorous evaluations of PD programs that have been done usually report a null effect on student achievement, leading many scholars to conclude that teacher PD…
Descriptors: Teaching Methods, Mathematics Instruction, Instructional Effectiveness, Elementary School Students
