The purpose of this study was to identify the number of Head Start enrollees in three selected sites who were in foster care during or after their Head Start experience. The study also examined the role of the Head Start Program in strengthening families in order to prevent separation. Reviews were conducted of public agencies' records of 50 children in Chicago, Illinois, 10 in Dade County, Florida and 29 in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Interviews were conducted with five foster care supervisors and eight Head Start staff members. Findings provided answers to study questions about the number of Head Start enrollees in foster care. Partial answers were provided to study questions on the involvement of the biological and foster parents in Head Start and the role of Head Start in the children's case plans. Three Head Start participation measures were used to examine whether Head Start enrollment affected time in care, use of services, and initial versus final or current case goals. Children in substitute care were usually referred to the program by child welfare caseworkers. Foster care supervisors had little or no experience with Head Start. Recommendations indicate ways to promote Head Start's role in working with families at risk. Data collection forms are appended. (RH)