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Peer reviewed Peer reviewed
Gaziel, Halm – European Journal of Education, 1980
An analysis of advisory councils in France's centralized system also proposes a framework for such councils in policy formation in other countries. The analysis looks at the main features of such groups, how they are placed within the system, and what may be learned from the French experience. (MSE)
Descriptors: Administrative Organization, Advisory Committees, Centralization, Educational Policy
Peer reviewed Peer reviewed
Lelievre, Claude – Journal of Education Policy, 2000
The 19th-century emergence of a centralized, state-controlled school system helped stabilize government and legitimize a state model during a revolutionary period in French history. The centralized model assisted national integration goals by fabricating a symbolic public space. This ambitious political construction may be coming apart. (Contains…
Descriptors: Centralization, Democratic Values, Elementary Secondary Education, Foreign Countries
Broadfoot, Patricia – 1994
The educational assessment quality assurance and control practices of Germany, Sweden, France, New Zealand, and Australia are compared to illustrate the considerable variety of approaches and some of the social factors that contribute to this variety. In Germany there is considerable variation from one province to another, and quality assurance…
Descriptors: Accountability, Centralization, College Entrance Examinations, Educational Assessment