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Download full textHunt, Annita W.; Nipper, Kelli L.; Nash, Linda E. – Current Issues in Middle Level Education, 2011
Are virtual manipulatives as effective as concrete (hands-on) manipulatives in building conceptual understanding of number concepts and relationships in pre-service middle grades teachers? In the past, the use of concrete manipulatives in mathematics courses for Clayton State University's pre-service middle grades teachers has been effective in…
Descriptors: Mathematics Instruction, Teaching Methods, Teacher Education Programs, Middle School Teachers
