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Direct linkMurayama, Kou; Pekrun, Reinhard; Lichtenfeld, Stephanie; vom Hofe, Rudolf – Child Development, 2013
This research examined how motivation (perceived control, intrinsic motivation, and extrinsic motivation), cognitive learning strategies (deep and surface strategies), and intelligence jointly predict long-term growth in students' mathematics achievement over 5 years. Using longitudinal data from six annual waves (Grades 5 through 10;…
Descriptors: Mathematics Achievement, Achievement Gains, Cognitive Processes, Learning Strategies
Peer reviewedSkinner, Ellen A. – Child Development, 1990
Assessed children's beliefs about the effectiveness of five causes of school success. At the age of 7-8 years, children differentiated the factors into "unknown" and "other"; at 9-10, "other" was differentiated into "internal" and "external"; at 11-12, "internal" was differentiated into…
Descriptors: Ability, Academic Achievement, Age Differences, Attribution Theory
